Pathogen monitoring involves the surveillance and detection of microbes, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that can cause disease in humans, animals, or plants. This research area focuses on methods for detecting, identifying, and tracking pathogens in various environments, including healthcare facilities, food production facilities, and natural ecosystems. Pathogen monitoring plays a crucial role in public health, food safety, and environmental protection by helping to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases. Researchers in this field develop and validate new technologies, protocols, and strategies for monitoring pathogens, as well as analyze data to understand patterns of pathogen transmission and identify potential sources of contamination.